Первым главнокомандующим шюцкоров был Георг Дидрик фон Эссен в 1919–1921 годах. Георг Дидрик фон Эссен (1864–1936) принадлежал к дворянской семье фон Эссен, был выпускником финского кадетского училища Хамины 1877 года, служил офицером во 2-м финском снайперском батальоне в Турку, а затем до 1901 года в финском драгунском полку командиром эскадрона. Потом его перевели в резерв […]

Шюцкоры, как и красные гвардии, были созданы в результате революции в России. На рубеже 1917–18 годов шюцкоры были недостаточно подготовлены, оборудованы и организованы. Учителями-инструкторами изначально служили офицеры и унтер-офицеры старой армии. Егеря, вернувшиеся в Финляндию после прохождения обучения и службы в Германии, оказали потом эффективную помощь в обучении членов шюцкоров. На начальном этапе руководителей остро

Во многих регионах Финляндии еще до Войны за независимость были созданы различные группы поддержания порядка и боевые отряды. Среди них красные гвардии и так называемые шюцкоры. После войны представители шюцкоров выразили мнение, что деятельность шюцкоров должна быть развита. В соответствии с этим должно было создать общенациональную организацию подведомственную Военному министерству (ныне Министерство обороны), целью которой

The volunteers of the Civil Guard played a significant role in achieving independence for the country and shaping its course. Without them, the Red Guards might have succeeded in their revolution. Over the course of its history, the organization had a total of 150,000 members. The average yearly count was 90,000, and membership peaked in

In the winter of 1934, the leaders of the Civil Guard were pondering the post-war future of the organization. Would it be feasible to bring back the core tasks of the Guards while also taking care of the remaining public duties? Perhaps additional resources could allow the full scope of their work to continue. Commander-in-Chief

CIVIL GUARD HOUSES The Guards needed facilities to base their operations in. Properties were initially rented or shared with other societies free of charge, but many Guards attained a building of their own as their activities took root.   The Civil Guard houses were versatile in function. They included offices, storerooms, and sometimes the local

MIKKELI The Mikkeli Civil Guard district comprised some 30 Guards in 13 areas. In the first few years after its founding in 1917, the district saw constant changes in the seat of local chief and little recreational activity. The district emphasized morality and good manners, using fines and suspensions to manage poor behaviour. Various courses

In the first years of the Civil Guard organization, arms were varied in style and few in number. The scarcity of weapons and rounds meant small local forces were passing one or two guns between multiple men. Old Russian soldier rifles (Mosin-Nagant M91) were refurbished to create a Finnish version with a thicker barrel, which

When the Civil Guard was founded in 1918, promoting fitness and sports was listed as one of its goals. Each district gained its own advisor when the Guard’s department of physical education was established in 1920. New instructors for various sports were constantly being trained as the popularity of athletics kept growing over the following

A regional system for the mobilization of forces was introduced in May 1934. The Civil Guards were a key part of the structure, as members of the organization formed the core cadre of the troops. The mobilization was carried out by provincial military districts. The Guards played a supporting role, relaying orders and gathering auxiliary